Alloys for making cast iron



Patented Dec. 7, 1948 ALLOYS FOR MAKINGGASEIEGN Albert Paul GagnebinQRed NQJ l veslie Louis S'ci'gle", Philadelphia, Re end James Se boldvanick, Westfield, N. J ,assixnorsto The International Nickel Comp no; New York;

N. Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application April? is; Masada No. 662,616. In Canada March 15, 1946 The present invention? relates to improved ad dition alloys for castirons and to a method involving the use thereof for producing improved cast irons consistently possessing superior me chanical properties and! soundness. 1

It is well known that general commercial practice in the manufacture of cast irons has been to make Whatever alloying additionswereconsidered necessary directly into the molten furnace charge or at the spout, usually inthe form of term-alloys, and then to inoculate, usuallyin the ladle. Many cast iron foundries, due to scrap or otheroperating limitationssuch as personnel, technology and/or equipment, found it necessaryto confinethemselves toproducing cast irons of a narrowrange or properties from" a single base composition. Although the foundries have desired to produce a wide variety of cast irons, they have encountered difiiculties in modifying the single base composition by varying the additions of alloying and other elements to accomplish this aim. Attempts to'prod-uce thesevarious composition ranges ofcast irons to meet a 7 Claims; (01. rs iri) variety of property specifications'werexfound to involve a complexity of alloying and other procedures which rendered such production so diflicult as to be uneconomicalt As airesult, the production versatility of each foundrywas seriously limitedand the ioundry could not, or was reluctant to, produce the wide variety of cast irons continually demanded by the trada: Ease and flexibility ofcontrol' necessary for the commercial productionoi the above-mentioned variety of irons were not feasible in any except a,

few specially-equippedfoundries. No simple method providing such ease and flexibility of control was kl'lOWlll to the art which might be employed regardless of the base composition and/or the section size of the cast iron product to be made. Although many attempts were made to overcome the aboye-mentioned problems, none,

as far as We are aware, wasenthely successful when applied to a commercial operation on an industrial scale inproducing consistently satis" factory results. l p H c,

nave discovered an improved method r nialiing cast ironswhich is notably suited to production of a wide variety of compositions and properties and is not limited by the base com: position and/or section size; andwhichnotj only provides foundries with ease and flexibility or contr but which also unexpectedly imparts to the I cast from mechanical properties consistently isuperior to those possessed by similar cast lrons irl which the alloying additionsand inoculationsrxare made separately as in conventional practice;.and a simple, unitary or singly containedu alloying addition agent foruse in said method whereby: these improved properties are consistently obtained;

altiis anaobiect of the present invention to provide an improved method of producing cast irons of superior quality and mechanical properties, said method involving the use of a novel addition alloy.

It is another objector the present invention to provide a simple method of producing cast irons, the application of which is unrestricted with regard to the cast iron base composition and/or section size of the final product, and involving the use of a new addition alloy.

A further obiecttjol! the present invention is to provide a method of producing improved cast irons, the very nature of said method promoting ease and flexibility of control of the manufacture of said cast ironsandpby reason of this, simplifyingthe art of producing high quality cast irons.

The invention likewise contemplates providing a simple method crammin improved cast irons possessing mechanical properties consistently superior to those off similar cast irons made by conventional methods,v and involving the use of a novel addition, alloy;

Moreover, the invention also has the object of providing cast iron foundries with a simple method involving the use of a novel addition alloy whereby cast irons are produced having mechanicalproper-ties superior to those of cast *irozis'nraddbr Prid -Iart practice in that unex- F 67 850429200 328 M m0 TABLE No. 1

Chemical Compositions substantially nickel (in practice usually within the range of about 48% to about 53% nickel). While chromium is not essential, it is preferably These addition alloys can be prepared by methods obvious to those skilled in the art.

dental elements and impurities, such as carbon, manganese, titanium and/or aluminum, which may be present as a result of the raw materials,

it is not intended to exclude such small amounts of incidental elements and impurities.

In practicing this invention, addition alloys having the compositions given in the following Table No. 1 were used and gave satisfactory results.

pectedly superior mechanical properties are imparted to said cast irons.

Furthermore, the present invention also has as an object, the provision of an improved methpresent. od of producing cast irons involving the use of an addition agent within a novel range of com- The alloys may contain small amounts of inciposition.

It is also within the contemplation of the invention to provide a simple, unitary or singlycontained addition alloy which can be used in 10 th operations, etc, employed in making the the production of high q y a irons f y alloys; and when the term balance is employed, base composition and/or section size and to provide an addition alloy which can be employed in the process of the present invention to accomplish the foregoing objects.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description,

In general, the invention provides a method of producing cast irons of improved quality, regardless of character, section size and/or base com- Addition Alloy t a i n m m h mm mamma aa mu mm m mwm a a t ea m m m unwan ed. w hwm wemc o L L L L L .m L L L n 79 t .l n n n n m MMMMMMMMMNMMMMM m mrmmm m a wwwm m ne a a a a m a a m a -m 2 6 a wea wm M m am m m we m at w w ossdsistttjsctnn mmmndv a ma am 5 ma 1% an an an .2. M wnnn wan weewmm a mt mh as F Li F F La F F LA P er e o t .o .0 ..0 .0 .0 .0 .no .0 .0 t p m ON ON on 0N CN ON on ON ON w 697M313 000010 00 r m n n t m m mmm unun mmm e nm r n m e m me an an me an 0 0 me an mm P m m flcww m 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 0a 0a ed M 45.204522000005000 mh eml w mw S mm g M m 9 a5 L0 00 LL0 05 &.LL m e t hm a 0 S m P MN 434555555554555 a V n t u C P 0 t 0 11 33 00 9 02 00 99 P wu ws w 1 22 33 11 1 00 11 33 00 it, 28 sm n omnmu M 0% 0 0 00 00 00 0 0 00 00 00 00 2803939000505000 u n 1 1 a p D. m aaaaaadLiaiaaaLe H rn o m n H 1221111L1111 11 .1 m mm 9. m 2 M. 2 fl v P .0 e I wwmmmw l o a m mmmmwwmw we manage I r em .nNw N .m m 00 LL LL 00 0 0 0 0 LL 22 LL I fl em w wm E m a I IN .m mmmmmmwa m w P .I e III. II nmwd t m A m mm an ma mm mm mm um we. ..IIIIII I.II m mnmm m T m aaaaaaL aaLLazaaaz 0123456 a ap C I ....I 1 34567891111111 1 1 e S 5 0 5 O 5 a P 2 3 3 4. .4 m am an we we mu an we we we t 06 .IU B500, 8 e we 22 22 22 33 33 33 33 33 33 h m fi wooooom km mwmlm w a ama m ta tm a .1 nd M c mww t w b I I II I II II m mh a 10 W m y m II I I I m a I I I I I I mw m I I II II I noam "I"" u m m o o I I I I II I I xt m1 t .101 n N m a nm mn m n I I II I II II I ierms. "I" .m m7ue, m I I I IN mn .mmsa M m u m) IL. IL I) IL I I II y ourdlel ath 5 )W )w )w )w )w \QW/ a wq I V.m .m t M 0 m Me Me Me WZN Me Me Me \M/W s m m3 nunuu .mcih n %wo w Wm. mm wmm liwm mm mm ON miumt I1afwt.w.m7btpo 4 4 um m e In t.me m %nW AA BB 00 DD EE FF GG LL mh I I n r t. U1 wha e n pmu S a1 II. I ut O Ont amn mom Ifimm M m mw a t d t ui mmm%.e I I I I I aa momooa .lOS5 h I l .l rb7. hc lt I w m h wfmutn m I moa 0 CH X 1 m T a n bO u nno l u .l t Im n m m 7u0%. n mo m m at m mo mn 6 .mml mmu iamum c t u t traalm w m k e m ym awm nmd m m m m m O r t. 0 lib T. Pmmoa acMchN m swagmu c C. F. additionssconvpentional furnace additions I C. L. additions=conventional ladle additions.

TABLE No. Mechanical properties I .Transyersefitn. .n .I. ,d

' ens e Z0 Cast Iron No. f '-l 9.: ..Str., Impact 'g g Load. ...,D,efl.,. ...p..s..i. ..lt..lbs.. Lbs. in.

J-l(New) .0.,2 ..i .5040". ..17.01.50.000 .53. n 242 J2(New) o. 1 I 0340 .197 01,000 42 1 201 1' gr ,lfxi f.. f 1 .T-3 (New) 0.10 0.29 z 6590 .198 03,000.: 53 271 14 (Old) 0.17 0.00 I, 5030 .170 01,200 9 279 K-l (New) 0.07 0:14 4540 .100 43,800 30' 217 K-2 (New) 0.03 0.03 5320 .217 47,600 45 22s K-3 (New) 0.07 0.12 v 01 10 .232 1 55,700. i 47 200 A K4(Old) -0. 00-- 0. -51 80 u-177 -50,10o 28' --240 L-l (New) 0.103 T 2800 175 i 251700 171 1 L-2 (New) 0. 0.1;; 2940 .186 I 20,200 22 17c L3(New) 0.15 3070- ,170 27,800 i 10' 100 L-4 (Old) 0.07 3020 172 20,300 s 185 L5(New) 0.02 3870 .199 33,200 25 223 In each of the three carbon range groups, i. e.,- embodiments, his to be understood that modifi- J, K and L., there is one melt, designated by'the cations; and variations may be resorted to withnumber 4, which was made conventionally with 'out'departing from the spirit and scope of the ladle additions of nickel and 'ferro-alloys and invention, as those skilled in the art will readily inoculated with a nickel-silico'n-calcium' alloy; understand. Such variations and modifications Comparing the mechanical properties of these are to be considered Within'the purview of the melts numbered 4 with those of heats of simiapplication and the scope of the appended claims. lar chemical compositions produced by the meth- We claim: 0d of the invention with a ladle addition of one 1. An addition alloy for the production of imof the alloyscontemplated by theinventionand :proved, oast, irons comprising about 11% to about numbered 33?itisevidentithat theinvention pro- 35 ,l7,% s ilicon, about 9%;to about;1 l;% chromium,

mote u xpectedly u e i r :m ha icalrrQP- a o 1 4% to about 1 17% molybdenum, about t g dle f. the garbqn rahge involved. 0.4%, toabout 1.0% calcium,.about 6%, toabout Jjn jact, the-overall. mechanicalproperties ,of cast 11% iron, and thebalance;essentially nickeland irons produced by the invention f'methodand of constituting'about 48%,to;about.53,%,of the alloy. comparatively lower alloycontent' (see 'lifla'nd 40 ,2. An additionalloyforthe-productionof im- 2j oi each'groupl are at least 'equal' to andin provedcast irons comprising about 11%,to about many case'sfsuperior t'oithose castirons madqby --17 silicon about 9% to about 11% chromium, conventioha1 me hods; and of '"'compa'r'at ivejly .about 14 to about, 17% molybdenum, about higher'a'lloy content? v 0.4% to about 1.0% calcium, asmall amountup flIt'is to'beobservedthatthis-invention provides to; about ;l-1 iron,,-,and the,ba1anceessential1y a novel inethod-fdrproducin'g awide range-05cm ,nickel andv constituting about..,43% to,about65% irons of superior mechanical properties-to meet a of the alloy.,-,:,' Y

variety" oi' h igh quality specifications, a pro- *3. An additionalloyior the productionofzimcedure "heretofore.restricted to a few specially ,proved cast;ironsjcomprising; about 6% to about -.equippe.d-foundries. The useroithe methodidis: 35% silicon, agsmallamount.Il -p;-1to,;-about20% closed by the; invention,WilL;in,generaL-definitely -chromium,jaboutl0% to about 30%;molybdenum,

and consistently improve the quality of cast irons about 0.1% to about 2.0% calcium, a small over the conventional methods heretofore used, amount up to about 30% iron, and the balance regardless of the base composition and/or section essentially nickel and constituting about 30% to size, by reducing chill depth and thereforeyimabout 66% of the alloy.

proving the machinability, by increasing wear 4. An addition alloy for the production of imresistance and reducing the-galling tendencies, proved-cast irons-comprising about 6% to about and by improving mechanical;propertieasuch as 35% silicon, a small amount up to about 20% transverse and tensile strengthsan'dtoughness. chromium, about 10% to about 30% molybdenum, In practicing said method, the inve'ntionprovides @about 0.1%" to' about 2.0% calcium, a small a novel, simple, all-purpose alloy'which can be amount up to about 30% iron, and the balance incorporated'as a late addition to cast'iron melts, essentially nickel.

regardless of 'thef'carbon content and the section 5. As an articlej'of manufacture, an addition size of thefinal casting. The present invention alloy for treating molten castirons andimproving provides aunitary or singly-contained alloy "for 55 the fas cast properties thereof, comprising about late additionslinsmall amounts-to castiron'melts, '8%to' about 35% silicon, up to about 20% chrowhereby improved quality .and ("consistently j .f/mium, about 10%,toabout 30% molybdenum, superior mechanical 'p'ropertisare obtained.'The about 0.1% to about 2.0% calcium, up to about novel A alloy provided: by the; invention assists 30%-iron,'and thezbalance essentially nickel. greatly in the. production of high-quality gray; 6. An addition alloy for the production of imcast iron and'providese more effective means of ,--proved cast irons comprising about 6% to about alloyingand inoculating the same'that is more '35% silicon, up to about 20% chromium, about efficient in them'ethod of the present invention 7 510% to about-30% molybdenum, about 0.1% to than the'conve'ntional means. Z about 2.0% calcium, and the balance essentially -Although' the present invention has been nickel and constituting about 30% to about 66% described inconjunction-withcertain-preferred --of-the-alloy-.-

'7. An addition alloy for the production of im- REFERENCES CITED proved cast iron comprising about 6% to about 35% silicon, about 10% to about 30% molybdef 5; gfitg ggf gff are record in the num, about 0.1% to about 2.0% calcium, up to i about 30% iron, and the balance essentially 5 N ED STATES PATENTS nickel and constituting about 30% to about 66% Number Name Date of the alloy. 2 355 59 LESLIE LOUIS SEIGLE. JAMES SEBOLD VANICK. 10 

